In the machining industry, gauge blocks, also known as block gauges, are precision measuring tools used to transfer dimensional values, calibrate measuring tools, and directly measure part dimensions. They are the benchmark for length measurement in technical measurements and are used to transfer dimensions from standard lengths to parts.
The following is a detailed introduction to the types, categories, and applications of gauge blocks:
Types
The types of gauge blocks are mainly distinguished by their appearance and cross-sectional dimensions:
- Rectangular gauge blocks: This is the most common type, with a rectangular cross-section, used in various precision measurement fields.
- Square gauge blocks: The cross-section is square and suitable for specific measurement needs.
- Cylindrical gauge blocks: The cross-section is circular and is used to measure the size of circular holes or cylindrical workpieces.
Accuracy level
The accuracy of gauge blocks is divided into different levels according to the accuracy of their working dimensions (center length) and the accuracy of the plane parallelism of the two measuring surfaces. Common levels include K, 0, 1, 2, and 3, among which K and 0 gauge blocks have the highest accuracy and are usually used for national metrology standards and precision measurements.
- K-grade: the highest precision, mainly used in benchmark metrology laboratories.
- Grade 0: used for high-precision testing.
- Grade 1: suitable for general precision machining.
- Grades 2 and 3: suitable for routine measurements in daily production.
Application
Dimension transfer:
The gauge block is the most basic measuring tool for controlling dimensions in the machine manufacturing industry, and is the medium for transferring dimensions from standard length to parts. It ensures that the dimensions of various finished products in mechanical processing can be traced back to the length benchmark.
Calibration and measurement:
In the machining industry, gauge blocks are often used as standard parts for calibrating other measuring tools to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measuring tools.
At the same time, gauge blocks can also be used directly to measure the dimensions of parts to ensure that the dimensions of parts meet design requirements.
As Standard Parts:
When measuring with the relative method, gauge blocks can be used as standard parts to adjust the zero position of the instrument, thereby providing more accurate measurement results.
Auxiliary Measurement:
In order to expand the application range of gauge blocks and facilitate various measurement tasks, a set of gauge block accessories can also be used for auxiliary measurement. These accessories can help engineers complete measurement tasks more efficiently.
How To Ensure The Accuracy Of Gauge Blocks In Precision Machining?
Material and manufacturing process:
Gauge blocks are usually made of bearing steel with high hardness, strong wear resistance and non-deformation. This material ensures the stability and durability of gauge blocks during long-term use, thereby ensuring measurement accuracy.
Precision grinding and polishing:
The upper and lower measuring surfaces of the gauge block are precisely ground and polished to form flat and smooth parallel planes. This step is crucial to ensure the flatness and parallelism of the gauge block, which directly affects the accuracy of the measurement results.
Accuracy grading:
The accuracy of gauge blocks is divided into different grades, including K, 0, 1, 2 and 3, to meet the needs of different measurement scenarios. Choosing the right gauge block grade is crucial to ensure the reliability of measurement.
Use of complete sets of gauge blocks:
A complete set of gauge blocks can meet almost all dimensional measurement requirements through a flexible combination of different sizes. This combination not only improves efficiency, but also greatly expands the application range of gauge blocks and ensures the diversity and flexibility of measurement.
Grinding Method:
The grinding method of the gauge block allows the two measuring surfaces of the gauge block to fit closely together through the action of molecular forces to form a stable combined size, thereby expanding the use range of the gauge block and improving the measurement accuracy.
Use and maintenance:
The correct use and maintenance of the gauge block directly affects the reliability of the measurement results and the life of the equipment. The anti-rust oil needs to be cleaned before use. Avoid direct contact with the working surface of the gauge block with your hands during use. After use, it should be cleaned and smeared with anti-rust oil in time.
Standard Conditions And Posture:
The measurement or use of the gauge block needs to be carried out under specific standard conditions, including atmospheric pressure, humidity, and the standard posture of the gauge block. These conditions ensure the stability and accuracy of the gauge block during the measurement process.
Appearance And Marking:
The appearance and marking of the gauge block are also part of its accuracy guarantee. The measuring surface and side of the gauge block should not have scratches, bruises and rust, and each gauge block should be engraved with permanent, clear digital characters representing its nominal length.
Conclusion
Gauge blocks have a wide range of application value in the machining industry. It is one of the important tools to ensure that product quality and performance meet design requirements. Therefore, when using gauge blocks, engineers need to fully understand their types, categories, and application methods, and follow correct usage and maintenance methods to ensure their accuracy and reliability.